An Analysis Of Paul Robeson s The Power Of Negro Action

TITLE goes here This paper shall proceed as follows; I will begin exploring first the essay by Paul Robeson and highlighting some of the most striking and interesting facets, followed by the chapter from Rhonda Williams where I will explore the connections to the chapter by Robeson, and lastly I will look at the essay from Andrea Friedman, where I will further note interesting facets of the reading as well as create ties to the aforementioned works. Paul Robeson’s chapter â€Å"The Power of Negro Action† is rather straightforward from the outset. Robeson is presenting an empowering piece, which has several subsections relating to the central theme of collectivized action on the behalf of black people. One of the more interesting aspects of this chapter comes from the way in which Robeson calls for black people to use their agency to better their position. From the outset Robeson states, â€Å"I say that Negro action can be decisive. I say that we ourselves have the power to end terror and to win for ourselves peace and security throughout the land† (Robeson, 90). The interesting aspect of this quote is the fact that the paragraph proceeding it establishes the historical precedent of blacks not necessarily enacting the full degree of their agency. However, Robeson’s call proclaiming the power of black agency contrasts this and shows a progression toward the growing sentiments of blacks having more power than dominant society would like to portray. Robeson exclaims that the power thatShow MoreRelatedArt or Propaganda? - a comparison between Alain Locke and W.E.B.Dubois5435 Words   |  22 Pagesliterature we should try to loose the tremendous emotional wealth of the Negro and the dramatic strength of his problems through writing ... and other forms of art. We should resurrect forgotten ancient Negro art and history, and we should set the black man before the world as both a creative artist and a strong subject for artistic treatment. DuBois stated what were to be recurrent themes of the decade of the twenties: the Negro as a producer and a subject of art, and the Negros artistic output asRead MoreRace Film : The Great And Only Essay10250 Words   |  41 Pagesthough some who knew him insist it was ‘Mi-shaw.’ The correct pronunciation of his name is only the beginning of the ambiguities and mysteries associated with Oscar Micheaux† Patrick Mulligan—Oscar Micheaux: The Great and Only: The Life of America s First Black Filmmaker From the very beginning of the early stages in American cinema, African Americans had a presence on the silver screen. The twentieth century created a new era of cinema that consisted of films produced for and targeted to an all-Black

Internet Exercises Appendix Chapter 1 Free Essays

INTERNET EXERCISES APPENDIX Chapter 1: Marketing’s Role in the Global Economy Internet Exercise: Wal-Mart You can check out the on-line shopping experience of Wal-Mart on the Web by going to www. wal-mart. com and clicking on â€Å"Go Shopping. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Exercises Appendix Chapter 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 8. Internet Exercise: ONSALE Auction Supersite The ONSALE Auction Supersite features a number of on-line auctions in which different sellers auction off computer, consumer electronics, and other products to buyers. Visit the web site at www. onsale. com and review an open auction for a consumer electronics product. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this market for sellers? For buyers? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 17. Internet Exercise: World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization is a very important force behind the global move toward free trade, but sometimes there are still disputes. Go to the WTO web site at www. wto. org and find out how the WTO settles disputes. Do you think that this procedure favors the developed nations, the less-developed nations, or neither? Give your thinking. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 22. Chapter 2: Marketing’s Role within the Firm or Nonprofit Organization Internet Exercise: L. L. Bean The L. L. Bean web site (www. llbean. com) offers consumers a lot of information, including information about national parks. Do you think that this helps Bean to build relationships with its target customers? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 40. Internet Exercise: Lilly Lilly, the pharmaceutical company, makes the effort to be socially responsible. To find out more about Lilly’s corporate citizenship, go to the Lilly home page (www. lilly. om) and click on company information and then click on corporate citizenship. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 42. Chapter 3: Focusing Marketing Strategy with Segmentation and Positioning Internet Exercise: McDonald’s McDonald’s has about 22,000 restaurants in 109 countries. Go to its web site, www. mcdonalds. com, and determine what country is its largest market out side the U. S. Do you think it offers more or less opportunity for future growth than the U. S.? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 67. Internet Exercise: Marriott Courtyard by Marriott targets business travelers. Visit the Marriott web site, www. marriott. com, and write down what you think are the qualifying and determining dimensions for a businessperson choosing Courtyard over Marriott’s other hotel options. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 81. Chapter 4: Evaluating Opportunities in the Changing Marketing Environment Internet Exercise: Tupperware If you were a new marketing manager at Rubbermaid, you might be interested in finding out more about Tupperware, an important competitor in some markets. What type of relevant information could you get by going to the Tupperware web site, (www. tupperware. com)? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 101. Internet Exercise: Consumer Reports The Consumer Product Safety Commission sometimes requires auto makers to issue recalls. However, not all consumers learn about the recalls. Go to the Consumer Reports web site (www. consumerreports. com/recalls) and check to see if there has been a recall on a year and model of car or truck that is of interest to you (say, one owned by your family). For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 110. Chapter 5: Demographic Dimensions of Global Consumer Markets Internet Exercise: CIA’s World Factbook Visit the web site for the CIA’s World Factbook (www. odci. gov/cia/publications/factbook) and compare the profile data for Canada and Australia. How are they similar and how are they different? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 133. Internet Exercise: JNCO Revatex grew rapidly when its wide-leg JNCO brand jeans became a hit with teens. Do you think that its web site (www. jnco. com) does a good job appealing to teens? Why? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 138. Chapter 6: Behavioral Dimensions of the Consumer Market Internet Exercise: SRI’s VALS Go to the SRI Internet site (http://future. sri. com), click on VALS, and then click on â€Å"direct to the survey† to review the VALS questionnaire. If you wish, complete the short questionnaire on-line. SRI will provide you with your VALS profile. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 164. Internet Exercise: GAP To make it easier for consumers to visualize how certain fashions will look together, the GAP’s web site (www. gap. com) has a â€Å"get dressed interactive† feature. Go the GAP web site and check out this feature. Do you think that it makes it easier to evaluate a potential purchase? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 173. Chapter 7: Business and Organizational Customers and Their Buying Behavior Internet Exercise: Computer Discount Warehouse At the Computer Discount Warehouse web site (www. cdw. com) a buyer can easily compare the features and prices of competing products. Click on desktop computers and then on the CDW Compare feature to do a comparison of two â€Å"high end† computers from two different manufacturers. How helpful would this analysis be if you were a computer buyer? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 187. Internet Exercise: Thomas Register The Thomas Register has a very comprehensive database of firms at its web site (www. thomasregister. com). Click on search and it will prompt you to register. After you register (it’s free), search by product/service on the keyword welding. How could the information provided by your search help you if you sold a product that was used by firms in the welding industry? How could it help you if you were a buyer looking for a supplier of welding products? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 199. Chapter 8: Improving Decisions with Marketing Information Internet Exercise: Yahoo Assume that your boss has asked you to do a customer satisfaction survey. As part of a situation analysis, you want to get ideas about what others have done in this area. Go to the web site for the Yahoo search engine (www. yahoo. com). In the dialogue box type â€Å"customer satisfaction survey† (include the quote marks) and click on search. Look at some of the web sites identified. How helpful is this ? How could it be improved? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 222. Internet Exercise: Perseus Perseus Development Corporation sells software that allows a user to create on-line questionnaires that can be distributed by e-mail or used on the Internet. To see samples of on-line questions, go to the Perseus web site (www. perseus. com) and then click on Survey Samples. Do you think that it’s more convenient for a consumer to complete a survey on-line or with pencil and paper? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 227. Chapter 9: Elements of Product Planning for Goods and Services Internet Exercise: Procter Gamble Go to the Procter Gamble web site (www. pg. com) and click on PG Products. Find out the brand names of the different shampoos that PG makes. How are the different brands positioned and what target markets do they appeal too? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 259. Internet Exercise: FDA The FDA’s web site has a page on the new food label requirements that proclaims â€Å"grocery store aisles have become avenues to greater nutritional knowledge. Go to that page at Internet address (www. fda. gov/opacom/backgrounders/foodlabel/newlabel. html) and review the actual label requirements. Do you use this information in deciding what products to buy? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 262. Chapter 10: Product Management and New-Product Development Internet Exercise: WebTV A number of software, hardware, and programming firms are workin g on products that deliver Internet information via TV. Explore the WebTV web site (www. webtv. com) to find out about one aspect of this idea. Do you think that many people will be interested in quickly adopting WebTV? How does it stack up when you consider the characteristics of an innovation reviewed above? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 275. Internet Exercise: Marketing Intelligence Service Marketing Intelligence Service, Ltd. is a U. S. -based firm that tracks new consumer packaged goods–both successes and failures. Go to its web site (ourworld. compuserve. com/homepages/mktgintelsvc) and click on the What’s New button and then review its selections for new product innovations of the year. Do you think that these products offer customers superior value, or are they just me-too imitations? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 283. Chapter 11: Place and Development of Channel Systems Internet Exercise: Gateway Gateway is a computer company that uses direct distribution to its customers in the U. S. Go to the Gateway web site (www. gateway. com) and think about how it is organized. Given that Gateway doesn’t use different channels of distribution to reach different types of customers, how does it segment the market? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 301. Internet Exercise: Avon Avon sells cosmetics and other products through independent sales representatives (agents) and also though a catalog (both on-line and printed). Review the Avon web site (www. avon. com). Do you think that Avon’s independent sales representatives would view the web site as competing for their customers’ purchases and a source of conflict or would they think that it helps them promote the product and identify new prospects? Explain your thinking. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 317. Chapter 12: Distribution Customer Service and Logistics Internet Exercise: Virtual Logistics Directory Large corporations often turn to other firms that specialize in logistics–transportation and warehousing services, consultants, developers of computer systems, and the like–to help implement the physical distribution aspects of their marketing strategies. The web site of the Virtual Logistics Directory (www. logisticdirectory. com) lists many logistics specialists and what they do. Go to the web site and select the Integrated Logistics category. Review the descriptions of some of the firms listed, and then pick one. Explain why a large corporation with a logistics problem might seek its help rather than just trying to tackle the problem internally. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 329. Internet Exercise: North Carolina Ports Authority A firm that is just starting to export to international markets may want help figuring out what shipping services are available. The North Carolina Ports Authority’s web site (www. ncports. com) helps provide such information. Go to the web site, select Port Services, and review the different firms and agencies that might be able to provide you with help if you had to ship a large quantity of furniture to the Middle East. Identify an organization from those listed that you might want to contact first, and indicate why. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 334. Chapter 13: Retailers, Wholesalers, and Their Strategy Planning Internet Exercise: INTERSHOP INTERSHOP Communications develops and sells software that companies use to create â€Å"virtual stores† for Internet retailing. For example, it allows a seller to create an on-line catalog that is easy for consumers to use and it has tools for analyzing sales and keeping track of customers. Go to the firm’s web site (www. intershop. com) and select Products. Review the information provided. (If your computer is equipped to view RealVideo video, you might also want to watch the demo. ) Do you think it would be easier for consumers if all Internet sellers used a common system, such as this one, rather than coming up with many different arrangements? Briefly explain your thinking. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 359. Internet Exercise: Fastenal Visit the Fastenal web site (www. fastenal. com). Check out the different aspects of the Fastenal web site. Give examples of ways that the web site is intended to help Fastenal’s customers and suppliers. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 370. Chapter 14: Promotion–Introduction to Integrated Marketing Communications Internet Exercise: Sony Sony produces a very wide variety of products. Does the information available on the web site (www. sony. com) appear to be part of an integrated marketing communications effort? Explain your thinking. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 386. Internet Exercise: Campbell’s Soup Visit the Campbell’s Soup web site (www. campbellsoup. com). Does the web site make it easy for you to get information? Does it make you want to spend more time and get more information? Explain your answer. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 395. Chapter 15: Personal Selling Internet Exercise: Motivating Tape Company The Motivating Tape Company sells various sales training videos. Go to the firm’s web site at www. achievement. com and then scroll down and select Sales Training. Review the list of sales training videos offered. If a sales manager were going to rely on some of these tapes for training people just moving into a sales career, what key areas of sales training would he have to cover by some other approach? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 427. Internet Exercise: Symantec Symantec is the maker of various software products, including ACT! personal management software that is used by many salespeople to organize information about their customers, sales calls, and tasks they need to do. Visit the ACT! web site (www. ymantec. com/act) for information about this product. Give a few specific examples of ways that a salesperson could use ACT! to build better relationships with customers. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 431. Chapter 16: Advertising and Sales Promotion Internet Exercise: NarrowCast Media NarrowCast Media is an Internet firm that provides services for firms that want to advertise on t he Internet and also for web sites that host Internet advertising. Go to its web site (www. narrowcastmedia. com) and read about NarrowCast Media’s various services. Briefly describe the main benefits it provides for advertisers and the main benefits it provides for host sites. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 455. Internet Exercise: Catalina Marketing Catalina Marketing Corporation is a supplier of in store, electronic scanner activated consumer promotions. Go to the Catalina web site (www. catalinamktg. com) and select Manufacturer Solutions, then review information about its Sampling Programs. Briefly describe, in your own words, how the sampling program works and describe a situation in which a manufacturer might find it useful. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 468. Chapter 17: Pricing Objectives and Policies Internet Exercise: International Currency Converter Xenon Laboratories has set up a web site with a system that uses current exchanges rates to convert one country’s currency to another. Go to the web site (www. ausmall. com. au), scroll down to the reference section, and click on International Currency Converter. How much is a $100 U. S. worth now in Thai bhats, British pounds, and German marks? How do those number compare with June of 1998 (See Exhibit 17-6)? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 486. Internet Exercise: ValuPage Catalina, a firm that specializes in targeted sales promotions, set up an on-line system called â€Å"ValuPage. † Consumers can print out a sheet with a list of discounts that sponsoring supermarkets redeem with â€Å"web bucks†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwhich the consumer can then use for any future purchase at the store. Go to the web site (www. supermarkets. com), enter your zip code, and review the system. Do you think this system will be more or less susceptible to fraud than regular coupons? Explain your thinking. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 492. Chapter 18: Price Setting in the Business World Internet Exercise: Sporting Auction Evergreen Information Technology launched an Internet auction site for many different categories of sporting goods. Go to the auction web site (www. sportingauction. com) and review the activities in two auction categories, one for a sport that is in season and another sport that is not. For example, you might compare snowboarding and golfing. Do you think that season makes a difference in the bidding activity? Explain your thinking. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 524. Internet Exercise: Tiffany Tiffany Co. is widely recognized as one of the world’s premiere jewelers. It commands high prices for what it offers. Go the Tiffany web site (www. tiffany. com) and review the different sections. Do you think that the web site communicates superior customer value to the Tiffany target market? Explain your opinion and point to specific aspects of the web site that support your view. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 528. Chapter 19: Implementing and Controlling Marketing Plans: Evolution and Revolution Internet Exercise: BaRaN Systems BaRaN Systems Ltd. has developed a software product called SQC for Excel that works with the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program and makes it easy to do the types of analysis that are useful for quality management. Go to its web site (www. baran-systems. com) and click on the link for SQC for Excel and then at that web page scroll down and look at the â€Å"quick tour† section. What is it about the graphs that makes it easy to see which areas need special attention? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 544. Internet Exercise: Copernicus Copernicus: The Marketing Investment Strategy Group has developed a comprehensive procedure, The Copernican Decision Navigator, that its consultants have used as the basis for performing marketing audits for many major corporations. The procedure determines if the firm is using â€Å"best practices† in planning and implementing its strategies. Go the Copernicus web site (www. copernicusmarketing. com), scroll down to the items under â€Å"about Copernicus,† and select the link for Marketing Best Practices. Review what is involved in the Copernicus procedure. What are the advantages of having outside experts do this sort of audit? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 562. Chapter 20: Managing Marketing’s Link with Other Functional Areas Internet Exercise: Cductive CDuctive offers an on-line service in which the customer selects certain tracts of music and, for a fee, CDuctive will create a custom CD of those selections. Explore the CDuctive web site (www. cductive. com), and then list what you think are the major (1) strengths and (2) weaknesses of its approach. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 578. Internet Exercise: ITW ITW, Inc. has a variety of different businesses that produce different products. Go to the ITW web site (www. itwinc. com) and then select the list of other ITW web sites. After you briefly review the descriptions of ITW’s different web sites, select ITW Brands and study it in more detail. From a cost standpoint, does it make sense to have a unit like ITW Brands? Why or why not? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 581. Chapter 21: Developing Innovative Marketing Plans Internet Exercise: Survey of Buying Power The Survey of Buying Power has an on-line site that is available on a pay-for-use basis. However, a sample section is available without charge. Go to the web site (www. sbponline. com) and select Samples and then select Samples of Site97. Look at the Income Trend Report (and others if you wish). How would this information be helpful to a retail chain that is considering a new facility for this sample market? For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 604. Internet Exercise: Maytag Go to the Maytag web site (www. maytag. com) and review the information about the Neptune line. Do you see any indication that the strategy for Neptune is changing from what is described in the case that introduces this chapter? Explain your point of view. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 614. Chapter 22: Ethical Marketing in a Consumer-Oriented World: Appraisal and Challenges Internet Exercise: Ikea Ikea is an innovative furniture company that is using its web site to refine its strategy. It has always relied on information technology to keep costs low by tracking sales at individual stores and using the information to control inventory and reduce shipping costs between the factory, distribution centers, and its massive retail stores. Go to the Ikea web site (www. ikea. com). What else does the web site tell you about Ikea’s strategy? Will the web site help Ikea offer superior value? Explain your answer. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 629. Internet Exercise: Obvious Implementations Obvious Implementations Corp. is a small consulting and manufacturing firm. Go to its web page (www. obviously. com) and then select How to stop junk mail, e-mail and phone calls. Read through the information and, if you wish, follow some of the links to other sites listed. Should it be easier to avoid mail, e-mail, and calls you don’t want? Explain your thinking. For related discussion in the Basic Marketing text, see page 636. How to cite Internet Exercises Appendix Chapter 1, Essay examples

Oil & Gas Management International Energy Policies

Question: Critically discuss different policy measures that non OPEC member States can take to mitigate the impact of OPECs current trend as an international oil producer cartel? Answer: There was a quite hike in the prices of crude oil in 2013 and 2014 and this price was unusually stable. Brent is the benchmark for crude oil that had been traded internationally which lay between the ranges of $100-155 per barrel. The trend in the oil prices reveal that the stability in the oil prices do not linger for long and tends to be short lived but we can assume that the Brent prices of oil is rather normal. But recently from June 2014 there was a 40% decline in the oil prices. (Strategyand.pwc.com, 2015)This decline in the oil prices is benefiting countries like India but the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) have decided not to reduce their production to raise the oil prices. The situation escalated the problem of declining oil prices. The increased supply of oil has in some way saturated the global oil markets which have ultimately led to the decline in the prices. Ideally, the members countries should have cut down the supplies till the prices start risi ng. Once the oil prices stabilize, then the countries can slightly increase their oil production. In this regard OPEC plays an important role to play by keeping an eye and controlling the dishonest and rogue behavior of the member countries. Now Saudi Arabia had refused to cut down its oil production. Saudi Arabia was going through a phase of nervous politics in which the decision of maintaining the same level of production and increasing the production based on the market demand was out of fear and anxiety to lose its position and share in the global oil markets. (GLOBAL TRENDS IN OIL GAS MARKETS TO 2025, 2015) (THE MONTH IN BRIEF: Lower prices, more oil and some refineries find buyers, 2012) The relationship between the oil, energy and the stream of international politics is somewhat embroiled. We can say that the cynosure of the US is now Iran and Russia. US is trying to tarnish the image of both the nations by playing up with the oil prices. The decline in the oil prices would decrease the amount of foreign capital flow into Russia which will farther weaken the already injured economic situation of Russia. (The Economist, 2014)Russia would require reviewing its foreign policies and salvaging its status. Iran on the other hand had indicted Saudi Arabia for the downfall of the oil prices as it refused to cut down its oil production. This has led to the decrease in the oil revenue of Iran. It can be well anticipated that the US was using and forcing Saudi Arabia to be the reason behind the oil price fall so that Iran can be left with no other option but to sign a nuclear power deal with the US and thereby losing its nuclear capability. (Kent, 2015) China could be the next victim to the decline in the oil price. The decline in oil prices was proving to be benefit for some of the emerging industrialized countries say China. China had plans to incorporate shale gas in order to be self reliant and sufficient in terms of energy. But this rise of power of China may be detrimental to the plans of the US. International companies who would have helped China to set up shale gas were running with low revenues with decreased production and higher cost which led to cropping down their investments on projects initiated like the one in China. Chinas shale gas plan took a seat as for now. The impact that OPEC caused to its member states is damaging and destructive in all ways. OPECs member countries like Libya (FOCUS: Libya starts to rebuild its oil and gas industries, 2011) and Venezuela was affected by the decline in oil price which dampened their economy. In this regard it is inevitable to deny the role of the Non OPEC member states. (Peako il.com, 2015) The slump behavior of oil price would have long lasting impact on the non OPEC countries. It was expected to increase its production but at a slower pace which would cause the companies of the energy of North America to stop making profits. Policies that can be taken by the non OPEC member countries (The Globe and Mail, 2015) are discussed in the context of the US. US can utilize the favorable situation of low oil price and can make energy policy change and reforms like restricting the subsidies spent on fossil fuel, formulating new measures regarding efficiency, establish policies that are beneficial for the economy and attract a line of investors who would help to increase oil production relative to the OPEC in which the revenues can be increased. (Lax, 1983) (Theenergycollective.com, 2015) The countries like North America, regions of the former Soviet Union and the North Sea comprises the Non-OPEC countries which acquires about 60% of the worlds oil production. The International or investor-owned oil companies (IOCs) conducts the oil production in the Non-OPEC countries. It is generally regarded that the Non-OPEC countries are price-takers which means that cannot influence the price by adjusting the production. In this regard, the Non-OPEC countries can produce at full capacity (or have little spare capacity), considering ceteris paribus, low levels of Non-OPEC supply of oil in the market would exert an upward pressure on prices. Thus, the decline in the oil prices can be mitigated in this way where the total global supply of oil would decrease and this would accentuate the call on OPEC. The more the call on OPEC, the more is the rapid influence on the price by OPEC. Also the Non OPEC countries can disrupt their oil production which would reduce the oil supply globally ; this would hike the oil prices. (Eia.gov, 2015) The energy policies are highlighted by several member countries. In the context of decreasing lignite production, the Czech Republic has initiated State Energy Strategy. Germany on the other hand wishes to create awareness regarding the countrys energy policy by implementing progress annual reports. The Responsible Resource Development Plan which is introduced by Canada aims at attaining the government goals by reforming its regulatory system. Netherland initiated to preserve the national interest by introducing a relaxed procedure for the infrastructure of the energy sector. Sweden is depicting as a carbon free economy and plans to launch a fossil fuel free vehicle fleet by the year 2030 and also has focus on the taxation on carbon dioxide emission. USA had previously implemented Climate Action Plan with a view to cut down Green House Gas emission by reducing carbon pollution, initiating preparation regarding climate changes and establish international initiative to combat climate c hange on a global basis and get ready for the impacts. (Energy Policy Highlights, 2015) The implementation of the energy policies is not smooth as it has to face a lot of challenges and overcome them. It is necessary to consider the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and spatial planning, without which there can be complication regard the initiation of the project and policy. Again for smooth execution of the policies an expertise concerning the energy sector need to be involved in the decision making and policy making. In the absence of such expertise, the policy may have to face criticisms. Another challenge that the energy sector faces while preparing policies is that sometimes there is interference regarding the policy framing from the national level which are not welcomed by the local and regional governments. By this there can a clash within the economy and the implementation of the policies can be hampered. While formulating policies incomplete data regarding the international energy prices and consumption of energy in the households, transportation sector and the trading sectors can restrict the policy making process. Some measures can be taken to mitigate these problems. Some of which are appointing an energy expert to enhance the monitoring process, accumulation of accurate statistics by skilled personnel must be hired and measures should be taken to allow smooth coordination between EIA and spatial planning. (Oilandgasuk.co.uk, 2015) One of the complex challenges that the world is facing is the increasing demand for products and the corresponding supply which is the main factor that drives the direction of the situation of the global economy. This increased demand is derived from the increase in the world population and is expected to expand further. This will drive up the demand which the oil companies have to suffice by increasing their production. It is important for the OPEC to consider that economics powerhouses like in China and India are emerging which would create a threat to the other oil exporting nations. The evolution of such powerhouse would affect the demand and supply of oil and gas as they are expected to match up with the developed nations through the per capita energy use. There are also issues concerning environment and geopolitical strife that makes the challenges more complex. One of the far reaching problem faced by the sector is that inexperienced tech savvy fresher will replace the veteran industry worker which will have dual impact on the oil and gas production. (Batovic, 2014) In this regard, there are several other challenges that the oil and gas will have to face. One such problem is the access to the resources. It is estimated that around 80% of the resources of oil and gas are acquired by the National Oil Companies (NOCs) and some of the host governments and are not accessible by the International Oil Companies (IOCs). Another aspect that needs to be catered is the cost of services. The industry requires services in the field of engineering, drilling, constructions and procurement. These require a lot of monetary resources that will initiate huge projects. Not only that new machineries must be implemented for heavy production, what is required in this regard is the appointment of experienced and technically sound professionals that will have the ability to operate and execute the machineries. This would definitely increase the cost of production. Generally the cost of production can be covered up by increased sale or increased price of the product. Ass uming that the stability of the oil prices could never be predicted, hence it cannot be justified that the oil companies can earn revenues accruing to increase in the oil price by covering up the increased cost. (Smead, 2015) Another problem associated with the oil and gas industry is the introduction of new and advanced technologies. There are two sides to this technological upgradation. The first side is explained that there is an urgent need to modernize the sector and increase the rate of production as the population of the world is ever increasing which will increase demand for oil and gas. Another aspect to this advancement is that highly skilled professionals are to be hired who have the capability to run the machines and increase the overall productivity of the sector. All these would drive up the cost of the industry. (Solutions and , 2014) The oil and gas industries can combat the different challenges by setting up and executing production in the most cost effective way. The industry must increase its Barrels of oil equivalencies (BOEs) and Management of Change processes for enforcing safety at the personal level. The crucial mistake that the oil and gas industry is repeatedly committing is there business objective. The industry is busy analyzing the cost of the production of oil and implementing techniques to reduce such costs. The sector is unable to realize that such strategy is applicable and effective when the market conditions are narrow. In the current difficult business scenario the industry must focus on the supply of the assets and scrutinize their accessibility to available markets and ensuring that their presence in these markets are not short lived and they must not get into the price bidding war. Recently, we have seen that the oil prices are lower and the OPEC has out rightly refused to cut down its production aggravating the decreasing oil prices. But it does not necessarily mean that the global oil markets have a dark and gloomy future. The NON-OPEC countries can always mitigate this low oil price by disrupting their oil production and help the oil price to increase. It is the duty and responsibility of the producers and the organizations to implement and adopt policies and strategies that would help to capture and take the advantage of the upcoming reality. References Alramahi, M. 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